Special ceramics refer to a class of ceramics that have the characteristics of electricity, magnetism, light, sound, superconductors, organic chemistry, biology, etc., and have mutual transformation. Functional ceramics can be roughly divided into electronic ceramics (including insulating, electrolytic, ferroelectric, piezoelectric, thermal translation, sensitive, conductive, superconductor, micro-ceramics, etc.), transparent ceramics, biological and antibacterial ceramics , Electron optics, luminous and radiation heat transfer ceramics, porous structure ceramics. According to their different functions, special ceramics can be divided into electronic device ceramics, thermal and electronic optical special ceramics , biological and antibacterial ceramics, and porous organic chemical ceramics.

Electronic ceramics: including insulating ceramics, polarized ceramics, ferroelectric ceramics, piezoelectric ceramics, pyroelectric ceramics, sensitive ceramics, permanent magnets and conductive, superconductor ceramics. According to the electrical polarization characteristics of power capacitor ceramics, it is divided into 6 categories: high frequency temperature compensation type electrical polarization ceramics, high frequency ambient temperature stable type electrical polarization ceramics, low frequency high electrical polarization index type electrical polarization ceramics, semiconductor material type electrical polarization ceramics , Laminated power capacitor ceramics, microwave heating electrode polarization ceramics. Among them, microwave heating and electric polarization ceramics have the advantages of high dielectric constant, low dielectric loss, and small series resonance index, and are widely used in microwave communication, mobile communication, satellite communication, TV broadcasting, radar and other industries.

Special Ceramics

Electronic device ceramic integrated circuit chip silicon wafer

Thermal and electronic optical special ceramics, high temperature resistant ceramics, thermal insulation ceramics, and heat transfer ceramics are important applications of ceramics in thermodynamics. Among them, high-temperature-resistant ceramics mainly include Al2O3, MgO, SiC, etc., because they have stable high-temperature performance and can be used as refractory insulation materials in the foundry industry and other fields. Thermal insulation ceramics have very good thermal insulation effects and are widely used in various industries. Ceramic devices include absorption ceramics, ceramic optical frequency meters and light guides in terms of electron optics. The use of ceramic light index characteristics can often be seen in daily life, such as architectural coatings and ceramic glazes. In China's nuclear industry, ceramics with heavy ions such as lead and barium are used to absorb fixed radiation waves and are widely used in nuclear waste treatment. The main raw materials of ceramics or solid-state lasers include ruby ​​lasers and yttrium garnet laser generators. Light guides are an important transmission medium for contemporary subway signals. They have the characteristics of low data signal consumption, high-fidelity sound, and large capacity, which are better than metal material data signal traffic lines.

Fully transparent aluminum oxide ceramics are the main representative of electronic optical ceramics. In the production process of fully transparent aluminum oxide, the key is that the volume spread of aluminum oxide is the whole process of grain growth in the calcination system. Adding Moderate additives such as light magnesium oxide can inhibit the growth of crystals. It can be used for melting glass crucibles, infrared sensor window materials, lighting equipment, and can also be used to produce integrated circuit chip silicon wafers in electronic manufacturing, etc.