Special ceramics were developed in the 20th century. With the promotion and cultivation of modern production and science and technology, they "reproduce" very fast, especially in the past 20 or 30 years, new varieties have emerged one after another, which is dazzling. According to chemical composition, there are:

oxide ceramics

Special ceramics: alumina, zirconia, magnesia, calcium oxide, beryllium oxide, zinc oxide, yttrium oxide, titanium dioxide, thorium dioxide, uranium trioxide, etc.

Nitride ceramics

Special ceramics: silicon nitride, aluminum nitride, boron nitride, uranium nitride, etc.

carbide ceramics

Special ceramics: silicon carbide, boron carbide, uranium carbide, etc.

boride ceramics

Boride ceramics: zirconium boride, lanthanum boride, etc.

Silicide Ceramics

Silicide ceramics: molybdenum disilicide, etc.

Fluoride Ceramics

Fluoride ceramics: magnesium fluoride, calcium fluoride, lanthanum trifluoride, etc.

Sulfide Ceramics

Sulfide ceramics: zinc sulfide, cerium sulfide, etc.

Other special ceramics

There are also arsenide ceramics, selenide ceramics, telluride ceramics and so on.

In addition to single-phase ceramics, which are mainly composed of one compound, there are composite ceramics composed of two or more compounds. For example, magnesium aluminum spinel ceramics composed of alumina and magnesia, silicon oxynitride ceramics composed of silicon nitride and alumina, lanthanum calcium chromate ceramics composed of chromium oxide, lanthanum oxide and calcium oxide, zirconia, titanium oxide, Lead lanthanum zirconate titanate (PLZT) ceramics composed of lead oxide and lanthanum oxide, etc. In addition, there is a large class of metal special ceramics made by adding metal to ceramics, such as oxide-based cermets, carbide-based cermets , Boride-based cermets, etc. It is also an important variety of modern ceramics. In order to improve the brittleness of ceramics, metal fibers and inorganic fibers are added to the ceramic matrix. Fiber-reinforced ceramic composites are a young but promising branch of the ceramic family. For the convenience of production, research and study, ceramics are sometimes divided into high-strength ceramics, high-temperature ceramics, high-toughness ceramics, ferroelectric ceramics, piezoelectric ceramics, electrolyte ceramics, semiconductor ceramics, dielectric ceramics, and optical ceramics (that is, transparent ceramics) according to their properties. ceramics), magnetic ceramics, acid-resistant ceramics and bioceramics.

With the development of science and technology, one can expect that modern ceramics will develop faster and produce more and newer varieties.