Special ceramics refer to ceramics with special mechanical, physical or chemical properties, which are used in various modern industries and cutting-edge science and technology. The raw materials and production technology used have been greatly different and developed from ordinary ceramics. Some countries call it "precision ceramics". Recently, Chinese material experts agree that it is better to call it "advanced ceramics". Special ceramics can be subdivided into structural ceramics, functional ceramics and tool ceramics according to their different performance characteristics and uses.
Special ceramics, also known as fine ceramics, can be roughly divided into high-strength, high-temperature-resistant and composite structural ceramics and electrical and electronic functional ceramics according to their application functions. Add specially formulated inorganic materials to the ceramic body and sinter at about 1360°C to obtain stable and reliable antistatic properties, thus becoming a new type of special ceramics, usually with electrical, magnetic, optical, thermal, acoustic, chemical, and biological properties. Wait for one or more functions. As well as coupled functions such as piezoelectric, pyroelectric, electro-optic, acousto-optic and magneto-optical functions.
Special ceramics 
developed in the 20th century . Under the promotion and cultivation of modern production and technology, they "reproduce" very fast, especially in the last 20 or 30 years, new varieties have emerged one after another, which is dazzling.

According to chemical composition, there are:
(1) Oxide ceramics
Alumina, zirconia, magnesia, calcium oxide, beryllium oxide, zinc oxide, yttrium oxide, titanium dioxide, thorium dioxide, uranium trioxide, etc.
(2) Nitride ceramics: silicon nitride, aluminum nitride, boron nitride, uranium nitride, etc.
(3) Carbide ceramics: silicon carbide, boron carbide, uranium carbide, etc.
(4) Boride ceramics: zirconium boride, lanthanum boride, etc.
(5) Silicide ceramics: molybdenum disilicide, etc.
(6) Fluoride ceramics: magnesium fluoride, calcium fluoride, lanthanum trifluoride, etc.
(7) Sulfide ceramics: zinc sulfide, cerium sulfide, etc.